Algorithm for Processing Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy Data of Heterogeneous Materials
Abstract
This work focuses on the development of computational techniques for processing dielectric measurement data, particularly those from broadband dielectric spectroscopy. A novel approach is formulated and tested for software implementation, enabling the selection of parameter sets for known dispersion models used in analyzing complex dielectric spectra of heterogeneous materials.
The proposed algorithm divides the wide frequency range of measurements into shorter subranges corresponding to distinct observed dispersion regions. These regions are identified using one (or more known phenomenological relaxation models via least-squares methods (LSMs), deconvolution, and other techniques.
Testing of the algorithm on the frequency-dependent complex dielectric permittivity of varistor ceramic materials demonstrated satisfactory accuracy and physical consistency of the results. These findings highlight the efficiency and potential of the proposed approach.
Keywords:
dielectric spectroscopy, data processing, algorithm, complex spectrum, ZnO ceramicsReferences
- Kremer F., Schönhals A. [Eds], Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy, Springer Science & Business Media, 2002.
- Poplavko Y., Dielectric Spectroscopy of Electronic Materials: Applied Physics of Dielectrics, Woodhead Publishing, 2021.
- Elbashar Y.H. et al., Electric, dielectric and optical properties of doped metal oxide glasses: A review, Nonlinear Optics, Quantum Optics: Concepts in Modern Optics, 52(1–2): 1–36, 2020.
- Yang H., Zhang S., Yang H., Li E., Usage of P–V–L bond theory in studying the structural/property regulation of microwave dielectric ceramics: A review, Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers, 7(23): 4711–4753, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1039/D0QI00907E
- Shanmugasundram H.P.P.V., Jayamani E., Soon K.H., A comprehensive review on dielectric composites: Classification of dielectric composites, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 157: 112075, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2022.112075
- Popov I., Cheng S., Sokolov A.P., Broadband dielectric spectroscopy and its application in polymeric materials, [in:] Macromolecular Engineering: From Precise Synthesis to Macroscopic Materials and Applications, Hadjichristidis N., Gnanou Y., Matyjaszewski K. et al. [Eds], Wiley, pp. 1–39, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527815562.mme0059
- Teyssedre G., Zheng F., Boudou L., Laurent C., Charge trap spectroscopy in polymer dielectrics: A critical review, Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 54(26): 263001, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/abf44a
- Kumbhakar K., Pham T.D., Lee K.K., Kwak K., Cho M., Dielectric relaxation spectroscopy for the characterization of ion transport in solid polymer electrolytes in Li-ion cells, Electrochimica Acta, 462: 142759, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2023.142759
- Fahmy H.M. et al., Dielectric spectroscopy signature for cancer diagnosis: A review, Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 62(12): 3739–3753, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.32517
- Schreiner T.G., Adam M., Broadband dielectric spectroscopy and its role in the characterization of biological cells, Bulletin of the Polytechnic Institute of Iaşi. Electrical Engineering, Power Engineering, Electronics Section, 67(1): 9–20, 2021, https://doi.org/10.2478/bipie-2021-0001
- Mertens M., Chavoshi M., Peytral-Rieu O., Grenier K., Schreurs D., Dielectric spectroscopy: Revealing the true colors of biological matter, IEEE Microwave Magazine, 24(4): 49–62, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1109/MMM.2022.3233510
- Wübbenhorst M., van Turnhout J., Analysis of complex dielectric spectra. I. One-dimensional derivative techniques and three-dimensional modelling, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 305(1–3): 40–49, 2002, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3093(02)01086-4
- Haspel H., Kukovecz Á., Konya Z., Kiricsi I., Numerical differentiation methods for the logarithmic derivative technique used in dielectric spectroscopy, Processing and Application of Ceramics, 4(2): 87–93, 2010, https://doi.org/10.2298/PAC1002087H">https://doi.org/10.2298/PAC1002087H.
- Koposov G.D., Volkov A.S., Tyagunin A.V., Perfiliev R.O., Numerical simulation method for identification of experimental results according to frequency dispersion of dielectric permittivity by Gavrylyak-Negami, [in:] IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 263(1): 012059, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/263/1/012059
- Rosa C.F.A.E., Capelas de Oliveira E., Relaxation equations: Fractional models, Journal of Physical Mathematics, 6(2): 1–7, 2015, https://doi.org/10.4172/2090-0902.1000146
- Barelli E., Dielectric Relaxation in Biological Materials, Master Thesis, Scuola di Scienze Corso di Laurea in Fisica, Università di Bologna, 2015, https://amslaurea.unibo.it/9102/1/Eleonora_Barelli_tesi.pdf
- Odinaev S., Makhmadbegov R.S., Frequency dispersion of dielectric permittivity and dielectric losses in aqueous KCl and CsCl solutions depending on their state parameters, Ukrainian Journal of Physics, 60(12): 1211–1211, 2015, https://doi.org/10.15407/ujpe60.12.1211
- Moon Y.I., Jung J.K., Chung K.S., Dielectric relaxation spectroscopy in synthetic rubber polymers: Nitrile butadiene rubber and ethylene propylene diene monomer, Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 1: 8406059, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8406059
- Bello A., Laredo E., Grimau M., Comparison of analysis of dielectric spectra of PCL in the ε* and the M* formalism, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 353(47–51): 4283–4287, 2007, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2007.08.041
- Boukamp B.A., Distribution (function) of relaxation times, successor to complex nonlinear least squares analysis of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy?, Journal of Physics: Energy, 2(4): 042001, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7655/aba9e0
- Sabnis S.M., Rander D.N., Kanse K.S., Joshi Y.S., Kumbharkhane A.C., Spectroscopic measurement and dielectric relaxation study of vegetable oils, Information Processing in Agriculture, 11(3): 397–408, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inpa.2023.04.002
- Salefran J.L., Dutuit Y., The use of a discriminative window in deconvolution method applied to dielectric data, The Journal of Chemical Physics, 74(5): 3056–3063, 1981, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.441430
- Nicholson D.J., Kell D.B., Davey C.L., Deconvolution of the dielectric spectra of microbial cell suspensions using multivariate calibration and artificial neural networks, Bioelectrochemistry and Bioenergetics, 39(2): 185–193, 1996, https://doi.org/10.1016/0302-4598(95)01890-5
- Ganea C.P., Zgura I., Frunza L., Numerical deconvolution approaches for dielectric characteristics of complex composite materials based on liquid crystals and oxide nanopowders, Materials Chemistry and Physics, 309: 128372, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2023.128372
- Steeman P.A.M., van Turnhout J., Fine structure in the parameters of dielectric and viscoelastic relaxations, Macromolecules, 27(19): 5421–5427, 1994, https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00097a023
- van Turnhout J., Wübbenhorst M., Analysis of complex dielectric spectra. II: Evaluation of the activation energy landscape by differential sampling, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 305(1–3): 50–58, 2002, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3093(02)01120-1
- Schäfer H., Sternin E., Stannarius R., Arndt M., Kremer F., Novel approach to the analysis of broadband dielectric spectra, Physical Review Letters, 76(12): 2177, 1996, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.76.2177
- van Turnhout J., Better resolved dielectric dispersions by the apt use of Kramers–Kronig relations, differential operators, and all-in-1 modeling, [in:] Current Topics on Chemistry and Biochemistry, Vol. 5, pp. 40–82, 2022, https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/ctcb/v5/3055C
- Güneşer M.T., Artificial intelligence solution to extract the dielectric properties of materials at sub-THz frequencies, IET Science, Measurement & Technology, 13(4): 523–528, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-smt.2018.5356
- Saadaoui Y., Zegnini B., Seghier T., Analysis of dielectric relaxation spectra by diffusive representations method: Case of organic dielectrics, Przeglad Elektrotechniczny, 97(8): 52–58, 2021, https://doi.org/10.15199/48.2021.08.10
- Shoup T.E., A Practical Guide to Computer Methods for Engineers, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New York, 1979.
- Gupta T.K., Application of zinc oxide varistors, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 73(7): 1817–1840, 1990, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1990.tb05232.x
- Ganesh K.S., A review of zinc oxide varistors for surge arrester, [in:] 2018 4th International Conference on Electrical Energy Systems (ICEES), pp. 470–474, 2018.
- Tonkoshkur A.S., Glot A.B., Ivanchenko A.V., Basic models in dielectric spectroscopy of heterogeneous materials with semiconductor inclusions, Multidiscipline Modeling in Materials and Structures, 13(1): 36–57, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1108/MMMS-08-2016-0037
- Tonkoshkur A.S., Effect of charge exchange of local centers on dielectric phenomena in disperse semiconductor structures, Ukrainskii Fizicheskii Zhurnal, 23: 2030–2038, 1978.
- Avdeenko B.K., Tonkoshkur A.S., Chernenko I.M., Dielectric losses in oxide-zinc ceramics, Inorganic Materials, 18: 1028, 1982.
- Fernandez-Hevia D., Peiteado M., de Frutos J., Caballero A.C., Fernandez J.F., Wide range dielectric spectroscopy of ZnO-based varistors as a function of sintering time, Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 24(6): 1205–1208, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0955-2219(03)00411-4
- Corriou J.P., Numerical Methods of Optimization. Theory and Practice for Engineers, Springer International Publishing, 2021.
- Michałowska-Kaczmarczyk A.M., Michałowski T., Simplex optimization and its applicability for solving analytical problems, Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics, 2(7): 723–736, 2014, https://doi.org/10.4236/jamp.2014.27080
- Cerdà V., Cerdà J.L., Idris A.M., Optimization using the gradient and simplex methods, Talanta, 148: 641–648, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2015.05.061
- Levinson L.M., Philipp H.R., High-frequency and high-current studies of metal oxide varistors, Journal of Applied Physics, 47(7): 3116–3121, 1976, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.323059
- Samsonov G.V., Physicochemical Properties of Oxides [in Russian], Metallurgy, Moscow, 1976.
- Nuttall A., Some windows with very good sidelobe behavior, IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 29(1): 84–91, 1981, https://doi.org/10.1109/TASSP.1981.1163506

